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C&aacute;c b&#7841;n c&oacute; &#273;&#7875; &yacute; r&#7857;ng em b&eacute; l&uacute;c n&agrave;o c&#361;ng c&oacute; m&#7897;t s&#7913;c h&#7845;p d&#7851;n kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875; ch&#7889;i t&#7915; khi&#7871;n ch&uacute;ng ta kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875; c&#432;&#7905;ng l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, ph&#7843;i ch&#7841;y &#273;&#7871;n &ocirc;m m&#7897;t c&aacute;i, c&#432;ng n&#7921;ng&nbsp; v&agrave; th&#417;m th&#7853;t nhi&#7873;u kh&ocirc;ng? Nh&acirc;n ng&agrave;y Qu&#7889;c t&#7871; Thi&#7871;u nhi, h&atilde;y c&ugrave;ng PsychoHub t&igrave;m hi&#7875;u xem t&#7841;i sao c&aacute;c em b&eacute; l&#7841;i d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng nh&#432; v&#7853;y nh&eacute;.&nbsp; &#10024;Theo ph&aacute;t hi&#7879;n m&#7899;i nh&#7845;t, s&#7921; &#273;&aacute;ng y&ecirc;u th&#7921;c ra c&oacute; n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng sinh h&#7885;c v&agrave; ti&#7871;n h&oacute;a. Vi&#7879;c ch&uacute;ng ta c&#7843;m th&#7845;y th&#7913; g&igrave; &#273;&oacute; &#273;&aacute;ng y&ecirc;u l&agrave; v&igrave; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng &#273;&oacute; &#273;em l&#7841;i cho ch&uacute;ng ta m&#7897;t l&#7907;i th&#7871; ti&#7871;n h&oacute;a. [1] H&#7885;c thuy&#7871;t n&agrave;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#432;a ra v&agrave;o kho&#7843;ng n&#259;m 1950 b&#7903;i nh&agrave; &#273;&#7897;ng v&#7853;t h&#7885;c ng&#432;&#7901;i &Uacute;c, v&agrave; l&agrave; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i cha &#273;&#7867; c&#7911;a ng&agrave;nh t&#7853;p t&iacute;nh h&#7885;c, Konrad Lorenz. &Ocirc;ng l&agrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#432;a ra thu&#7853;t ng&#7919; &ldquo;l&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7891; em b&eacute;&rdquo; (Baby Schema - Kindchen Schema, Lorenz, 1943) &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;i th&iacute;ch cho h&#7885;c thuy&#7871;t n&oacute;i tr&ecirc;n. Thu&#7853;t ng&#7919; n&agrave;y d&ugrave;ng &#273;&#7875; n&oacute;i t&#7899;i m&#7897;t h&#7879; th&#7889;ng nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7863;c tr&#432;ng tr&ecirc;n khu&ocirc;n m&#7863;t (nh&#432; &#273;&#7847;u l&#7899;n, m&#7863;t tr&ograve;n, tr&aacute;n cao v&agrave; nh&ocirc; ra, m&#7855;t to, m&#361;i v&agrave; mi&#7879;ng nh&#7887;) th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7845;y &#7903; tr&#7867; em hay con non c&#7911;a &#273;&#7897;ng v&#7853;t.&nbsp; &#129300;V&#7853;y &#273;i&#7873;u g&igrave; l&agrave;m cho c&aacute;c em b&eacute; &#273;&aacute;ng y&ecirc;u &#273;&#7871;n th&#7871;? C&acirc;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i l&agrave; do &#273;&ocirc;i m&#7855;t c&#7911;a c&aacute;c b&eacute; th&#432;&#7901;ng to so v&#7899;i t&#7881; l&#7879; khu&ocirc;n m&#7863;t (nh&atilde;n c&#7847;u kh&ocirc;ng ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#7871;n th&#7871; sau khi sinh ra); &#273;&#7847;u c&#7911;a c&aacute;c b&eacute; th&igrave; l&#7899;n h&#417;n so v&#7899;i c&#417; th&#7875;, &#273;&ocirc;i m&aacute; ph&iacute;nh, v&agrave; c&aacute;i c&#7857;m b&eacute; t&iacute; th&#432;&#7901;ng khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n mu&#7889;n c&#432;ng n&#7921;ng . S&#7921; ch&uacute; &yacute; v&agrave; c&#7843;m gi&aacute;c t&#7921; nguy&#7879;n ch&#259;m s&oacute;c, &#273;i k&egrave;m nh&#7919;ng &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng t&iacute;ch c&#7921;c v&agrave; h&agrave;nh vi b&#7843;o v&#7879; ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng t&#259;ng, d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n h&agrave;nh vi g&acirc;y h&#7845;n &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&aacute;c em b&eacute; c&agrave;ng suy gi&#7843;m, &#273;&oacute; ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; bi&#7875;u hi&#7879;n c&#7911;a ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng em b&eacute; (baby schema effect). [2] &#272;&acirc;y kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843;i l&agrave; ng&#7851;u nhi&ecirc;n, th&#7921;c ch&#7845;t n&oacute; xu&#7845;t ph&aacute;t t&#7915; l&#7907;i th&#7871; ti&#7871;n h&oacute;a c&#7911;a lo&agrave;i ng&#432;&#7901;i.&nbsp; Loren cho r&#7857;ng, m&#7897;t s&#7889; &#273;&#7863;c tr&#432;ng c&#7909; th&#7875;&nbsp; tr&ecirc;n khu&ocirc;n m&#7863;t tr&#7867; nh&#7887; k&iacute;ch th&iacute;ch b&#7843;n n&#259;ng nu&ocirc;i d&#432;&#7905;ng &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n - ch&uacute;ng ta nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c &#273;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y nh&#432; m&#7897;t c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n &ldquo;&#273;&aacute;ng y&ecirc;u&rdquo;. N&oacute; nh&#432; m&#7897;t c&uacute; h&iacute;ch gi&uacute;p c&aacute;c b&#7853;c cha m&#7865; tham gia nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n v&agrave;o vi&#7879;c ch&#259;m s&oacute;c v&agrave; nu&ocirc;i d&#432;&#7905;ng cho con c&aacute;i c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh, t&#7841;o &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n cho ch&uacute;ng l&#7899;n l&ecirc;n kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n &#273;&#7871;n tu&#7893;i tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&agrave;nh. Th&#7871; n&ecirc;n, qua th&#7901;i gian, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i c&oacute; th&#7875; nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7921; &#273;&aacute;ng y&ecirc;u c&#7911;a con c&aacute;i h&#7885; s&#7869; c&oacute; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng l&#7907;i th&#7871; ti&#7871;n h&oacute;a so v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875;. S&#7921; &#273;&aacute;ng y&ecirc;u c&#7911;a c&aacute;c em b&eacute; l&agrave; m&#7897;t ngu&#7891;n &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c m&#7841;nh m&#7869; &#273;&aacute;ng n&#7875;. N&oacute; l&agrave;m tan ch&#7843;y tr&aacute;i tim ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n, &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o cho c&aacute;c em b&eacute; c&oacute; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ngu&#7891;n th&#7913;c &#259;n b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng v&agrave; s&#7921; b&#7843;o v&#7879; cho t&#7899;i khi c&aacute;c b&eacute; tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&agrave;nh &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh C&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c n&oacute;i r&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7863;c t&iacute;nh n&agrave;y k&iacute;ch ho&#7841;t m&#7897;t s&#7921; ch&uacute; &yacute; mang t&iacute;nh b&#7843;n n&#259;ng &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n. Nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; c&#7897;ng h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7915; &#273;&atilde; t&igrave;m ra c&aacute;c b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng c&#7911;a s&#7921; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng t&#7913;c th&#7901;i &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i em b&eacute; &#7903; c&aacute;c b&#7889; m&#7865; v&agrave;&nbsp; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n kh&aacute;c &#7903; m&#7897;t v&ugrave;ng n&atilde;o li&ecirc;n quan &#273;&#7871;n ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng v&agrave; s&#7921; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh. Nh&#7919;ng em b&eacute; d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921; r&#7845;t kh&oacute; &#273;&#7875; m&agrave; ng&oacute; l&#417;, v&agrave; &#273;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y c&oacute; l&#7869; &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#7855;c s&acirc;u trong n&atilde;o b&#7897; ch&uacute;ng ta. [1] &#128558;V&#7853;y c&ograve;n nh&#7919;ng em b&eacute; kh&ocirc;ng d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng l&#7855;m th&igrave; th&#7871; n&agrave;o? C&oacute; m&#7897;t s&#7889; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng ch&#7881; ra r&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng em b&eacute; k&eacute;m d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng h&#417;n th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7889;i x&#7917; theo m&#7897;t c&aacute;ch kh&aacute;c. M&#7897;t &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; t&#7915; c&aacute;c t&agrave;i li&#7879;u khoa h&#7885;c trong b&agrave;i Trends in Cognitive Science &nbsp;c&#361;ng &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#432;a ra k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; sau: &#128073;&#272;&#7847;u ti&ecirc;n l&agrave;: &ldquo;C&#7843; &#273;&agrave;n &ocirc;ng l&#7851;n ph&#7909; n&#7919; s&#7869; d&agrave;nh nhi&#7873;u th&#7901;i gian h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; n&aacute;n l&#7841;i nh&igrave;n ng&#7855;m c&aacute;c em b&eacute; d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng&rdquo;. V&#7853;y l&agrave; nh&#7919;ng em b&eacute; d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng h&#417;n s&#7869; &#273;&ograve;i h&#7887;i nhi&#7873;u s&#7921; quan t&acirc;m h&#417;n. Li&#7879;u &#273;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y c&oacute; ngh&#297;a l&agrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n th&iacute;ch c&aacute;c b&eacute; h&#417;n kh&ocirc;ng? &ldquo;Khi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho g&#7863;p c&aacute;c b&eacute; d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng v&agrave; c&aacute;c b&eacute; k&eacute;m d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng h&#417;n, ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n th&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7885;n &#273;&#432;a &#273;&#7891; ch&#417;i cho ho&#7863;c k&#7875; c&#7843; nh&#7853;n nu&ocirc;i nh&#7919;ng b&eacute; d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng h&#417;n&rdquo; (Resnick, 2016). Ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng t&#7913;c th&#7901;i c&agrave;ng tr&#7903; n&ecirc;n kh&aacute;c bi&#7879;t r&otilde; r&agrave;ng h&#417;n khi h&#7885; th&#7845;y nh&#7919;ng b&eacute; c&oacute; khi&#7871;m khuy&#7871;t th&#7875; ch&#7845;t. Theo Resnick, k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ch&#7909;p c&#7897;ng h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7915; n&atilde;o b&#7897; cho th&#7845;y nh&#7919;ng ai ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng t&#7913;c th&#7901;i khi nh&igrave;n ch&#259;m ch&uacute; g&#432;&#417;ng m&#7863;t tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh - s&#7869; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i k&eacute;m t&iacute;ch c&#7921;c khi g&#7863;p nh&#7919;ng b&eacute; c&oacute;&nbsp; khi&#7871;m khuy&#7871;t d&#7883; d&#7841;ng s&#7885; m&#7863;t. B&#7903;i theo t&aacute;c gi&#7843;, nh&#7919;ng khuy&#7871;t thi&#7871;u n&agrave;y s&#7869; c&#7843;n tr&#7903; nh&#7919;ng bi&#7875;u c&#7843;m d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng &#273;i&#7875;n h&igrave;nh &#7903; tr&#7867; (2016) [1]. Th&#7921;c t&#7871;, vi&#7879;c n&agrave;y c&oacute; th&#7875; v&ocirc; t&igrave;nh t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng c&aacute;c em. C&aacute;c em b&eacute; b&#7883; s&#7913;t m&ocirc;i v&agrave; h&#7903; h&agrave;m &#7871;ch nhi&#7873;u nguy c&#417; ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7889;i di&#7879;n v&#7899;i &ldquo;nhi&#7873;u r&agrave;o c&#7843;n trong s&#7921; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n bao g&#7891;m c&aacute;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c,&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;Nh&#7919;ng v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&agrave;y &iacute;t nh&#7845;t c&#361;ng s&#7869; ph&#7847;n n&agrave;o d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n s&#7921; &#273;&#7893; v&#7905; trong t&#432;&#417;ng t&aacute;c gi&#7919;a m&#7865; v&agrave; b&eacute; &#7903; &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i s&#417; sinh, nh&#7845;t l&agrave; s&#7921; thi&#7871;u h&#7909;t c&aacute;c ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a m&#7865; v&#7899;i b&eacute;,&rdquo; &aacute;m ch&#7881; r&#7857;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; s&#7869; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng &iacute;t h&#417;n khi em b&eacute; k&eacute;m d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;M&#7863;t kh&aacute;c ngo&agrave;i g&#432;&#417;ng m&#7863;t, c&ograve;n m&#7897;t s&#7889; y&#7871;u t&#7889; kh&aacute;c &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n s&#7921; d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a em b&eacute;. C&oacute; m&#7897;t v&agrave;i hi v&#7885;ng cho nh&#7919;ng em b&eacute; k&eacute;m d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng h&#417;n nh&#7919;ng em c&ugrave;ng trang l&#7913;a kh&aacute;c. T&aacute;c gi&#7843; c&#7911;a b&agrave;i &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; Xu h&#432;&#7899;ng trong Khoa H&#7885;c Nh&#7853;n Th&#7913;c cho hay, nh&#7919;ng kh&iacute;a c&#7841;nh kh&aacute;c &#273;&oacute;ng g&oacute;p cho s&#7921; d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng ngo&agrave;i khu&ocirc;n m&#7863;t, v&iacute; d&#7909; nh&#432;: &ldquo;v&#7867; ngo&agrave;i, &acirc;m thanh, ho&#7863;c m&ugrave;i h&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a em b&eacute; c&oacute; th&#7875; t&#7841;o &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n cho s&#7921; ch&#259;m s&oacute;c v&agrave; c&oacute; th&#7875; khuy&#7871;n kh&iacute;ch nh&#7919;ng h&agrave;nh vi c&#7843;m x&uacute;c tinh vi kh&aacute;c,&rdquo; (Resnick, 2016) (Th&ecirc;m n&#7919;a l&agrave; b&#7889; m&#7865; th&#432;&#7901;ng c&oacute; thi&ecirc;n ki&#7871;n th&#7845;y s&#7921; d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng &#7903; con c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh.) Ngo&agrave;i ra c&ograve;n m&#7897;t s&#7921; th&#7853;t kh&aacute;c, &#273;&oacute; l&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; em b&eacute; n&agrave;o c&oacute; th&#7875; d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng m&atilde;i m&atilde;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. &ldquo;C&#7843; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n l&#7851;n tr&#7867; con &#273;&#7873;u d&agrave;nh nhi&#7873;u s&#7921; quan t&acirc;m &#273;&#7871;n khu&ocirc;n m&#7863;t c&#7911;a c&aacute;c em b&eacute; s&#417; sinh h&#417;n l&agrave; nh&#7919;ng em l&#7899;n h&#417;n.&rdquo; t&aacute;c gi&#7843; Resnick , &ldquo;s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#7911;a s&#7921; d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng tr&ecirc;n khu&ocirc;n m&#7863;t c&#7911;a c&aacute;c em b&eacute; r&#7891;i c&#361;ng s&#7869; phai d&#7847;n theo th&#7901;i gian.&rdquo; [1]&nbsp; Tuy v&#7853;y m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875; ph&#7911; nh&#7853;n l&agrave; s&#7921; d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a c&aacute;c em b&eacute; lu&ocirc;n c&oacute; m&#7897;t s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh kh&oacute; c&#432;&#7905;ng &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i ch&uacute;ng ta ph&#7843;i kh&ocirc;ng c&aacute;c b&#7841;n? Nh&acirc;n ng&agrave;y Qu&#7889;c t&#7871; Thi&#7871;u nhi, PsychoHub ch&uacute;c cho t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&aacute;c em b&eacute; lu&ocirc;n &#273;&aacute;ng y&ecirc;u v&agrave; lu&ocirc;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c y&ecirc;u th&#7853;t nhi&#7873;u.&nbsp; B&agrave;i vi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&ecirc;n t&#7853;p, ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a d&#7921;a theo ngu&#7891;n: <ol><li>Resnick, B. (2016, June 8). Babies&rsquo; cuteness is key to their survival. What happens when they&rsquo;re not that cute? Vox. Retrieved May 26, 2022, from: <a href="https://www.vox.com/2016/6/8/11872688/ugly-babies-discrimination" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(17, 85, 204);">https://www.vox.com/2016/6/8/11872688/ugly-babies-discrimination</a></li></ol> <ol><li>Borgi, M., Cogliati-Dezza, I., Brelsford, V., Meints, K., &amp; Cirulli, F. (2014). Baby schema in human and animal faces induces cuteness perception and gaze allocation in children. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1-9.&nbsp; <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262378766_Baby_schema_in_human_and_animal_faces_induces_cuteness_perception_and_gaze_allocation_in_children?fbclid=IwAR0_fLMbP_iu0i-ISM7SXlbD4BYh9O7Uq2sdqIbmNq0hytrVDuEUSaFyKVE" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(17, 85, 204);">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262378766_Baby_schema_in_human_and_animal_faces_induces_cuteness_perception_and_gaze_allocation_in_children?fbclid=IwAR0_fLMbP_iu0i-ISM7SXlbD4BYh9O7Uq2sdqIbmNq0hytrVDuEUSaFyKVE</a></li></ol>---------------------------------------------------------PsychoHub - D&#7921; &aacute;n T&acirc;m l&yacute; h&#7885;c thu&#7897;c T&#7893; ch&#7913;c Youth+ CommunityFanpage: https://www.facebook.com/PsychoHub.Project/Email: youth.psychohub@gmail.com

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