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1.&#272;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a v&agrave; h&#7853;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7921; thao t&uacute;ng b&#7843;n th&acirc;n &ldquo;self-gaslighting&rdquo;	Theo Hi&#7879;p h&#7897;i T&acirc;m l&yacute; h&#7885;c Hoa K&#7923;, gaslighting l&agrave; m&#7897;t th&#7911; thu&#7853;t &#273;&#7875; &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n, b&#7841;o h&agrave;nh v&agrave; thao t&uacute;ng n&#7841;n nh&acirc;n, khi&#7871;n cho n&#7841;n nh&acirc;n t&#7921; nghi ng&#7901; nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c, c&#7843;m x&uacute;c, m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#7881;nh t&aacute;o v&agrave; gi&aacute; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a b&#7843;n th&acirc;n. Thu&#7853;t ng&#7919; &ldquo;gaslighting&rdquo; (ngh&#297;a &#273;en: &ldquo;Th&#7855;p s&aacute;ng &#273;&egrave;n ga&rdquo;) b&#7855;t ngu&#7891;n t&#7915; v&#7903; k&#7883;ch Gaslight (1938), k&#7875; v&#7873; h&agrave;nh vi l&#7841;m d&#7909;ng t&acirc;m l&yacute; c&oacute; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng c&#7911;a nh&acirc;n v&#7853;t ch&iacute;nh l&ecirc;n v&#7907; m&igrave;nh &#273;&#7875; thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7907; r&#7857;ng c&ocirc; &#7845;y b&#7883; &#273;i&ecirc;n [1].&nbsp;	V&#7899;i ti&#7873;n t&#7889; &ldquo;self&rdquo;, thu&#7853;t ng&#7919; &ldquo;self-gaslighting&rdquo; n&oacute;i &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t tr&#7841;ng th&aacute;i khi ta tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh n&#7841;n nh&acirc;n c&#7911;a ch&iacute;nh m&igrave;nh trong vi&#7879;c thao t&uacute;ng t&acirc;m l&yacute;.2.&#272;i&#7873;u g&igrave; khi&#7871;n m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i r&#417;i v&agrave;o b&#7851;y &ldquo;self-gaslighting&rdquo;?	Self-gaslighting x&#7843;y ra khi m&#7897;t n&#7841;n nh&acirc;n ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n s&#7921; b&#7841;o h&agrave;nh v&agrave; r&#417;i v&agrave;o v&ograve;ng lu&#7849;n qu&#7849;n t&#7921; l&#7915;a d&#7889;i ch&iacute;nh m&igrave;nh. Nh&agrave; tr&#7883; li&#7879;u t&acirc;m l&yacute; Grace Dowd cho r&#7857;ng, ch&uacute;ng ta d&#7877; t&#7921; thao t&uacute;ng b&#7843;n th&acirc;n h&#417;n khi &#273;&atilde; t&#7915;ng b&#7883; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c thao t&uacute;ng trong m&#7897;t th&#7901;i gian d&agrave;i trong qu&aacute; kh&#7913;, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t n&#7871;u ng&#432;&#7901;i n&agrave;y l&agrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i ta y&ecirc;u th&#432;&#417;ng [2].&nbsp;	M&#7897;t nguy&ecirc;n nh&acirc;n kh&aacute;c d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n self-gaslighting l&agrave; do n&#7841;n nh&acirc;n lo l&#7855;ng r&#7857;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c s&#7869; nghi ng&#7901; v&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng c&ocirc;ng nh&#7853;n nh&#7919;ng kh&oacute; kh&#259;n m&agrave; h&#7885; &#273;ang ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7889;i di&#7879;n. B&#7883; th&uacute;c gi&#7909;c b&#7903;i s&#7921; lo l&#7855;ng n&agrave;y, &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng gi&#7843;m thi&#7875;u ho&#7863;c lo&#7841;i b&#7887; nh&#7919;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m n&#7897;i t&#7841;i c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh.&nbsp;3.M&#7897;t s&#7889; d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u nh&#7853;n bi&#7871;t t&igrave;nh tr&#7841;ng &ldquo;self-gaslighting&rdquo;	B&#7841;n c&oacute; th&#7875; &#273;ang c&oacute; nh&#7919;ng h&agrave;nh vi t&#7921; thao t&uacute;ng ch&iacute;nh m&igrave;nh n&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#432;&#7901;ng c&oacute; nh&#7919;ng bi&#7875;u hi&#7879;n sau &#273;&acirc;y:	&#128205; Ch&#7881; tr&iacute;ch b&#7843;n th&acirc;n v&igrave; qu&aacute; nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m ho&#7863;c d&#7877; x&uacute;c &#273;&#7897;ng	B&#7841;n li&ecirc;n t&#7909;c &#273;&#7893; l&#7895;i cho b&#7843;n th&acirc;n v&igrave; cho r&#7857;ng b&#7841;n &#273;ang ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng th&aacute;i qu&aacute;. T&aacute;c h&#7841;i l&acirc;u d&agrave;i c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c n&agrave;y l&agrave; b&#7841;n s&#7869; d&#7847;n d&#7847;n tr&#7903; n&ecirc;n coi nh&#7865; c&#7843;m x&uacute;c c&#7911;a ch&iacute;nh m&igrave;nh, &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c b&#7841;n kh&ocirc;ng c&ograve;n th&#7915;a nh&#7853;n m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; nghi&ecirc;m tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a c&#7843;m x&uacute;c c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh n&#7919;a.	V&iacute; d&#7909;: &ldquo;Ng&#432;&#7901;i ta &#273;&atilde; m&#7897;t ng&agrave;y kh&oacute; kh&#259;n r&#7891;i, ng&#432;&#7901;i ta ch&#7881; v&ocirc; &yacute; l&agrave;m t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng m&igrave;nh th&ocirc;i. M&igrave;nh &#273;ang l&agrave;m qu&aacute; m&#7885;i chuy&#7879;n l&ecirc;n th&ocirc;i.&rdquo;	&#128205; Bi&#7879;n minh cho h&agrave;nh vi &#273;&#7897;c h&#7841;i c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c b&#7857;ng c&aacute;ch t&#7921; ch&#7883;u tr&aacute;ch nhi&#7879;m v&#7873; h&agrave;nh vi &#273;&oacute;	B&#7841;n th&#7845;y c&oacute; l&#7895;i v&agrave; cho r&#7857;ng b&#7841;n l&agrave; c&#259;n nguy&ecirc;n cho nh&#7919;ng h&agrave;nh &#273;&#7897;ng kh&ocirc;ng t&#7889;t c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c. B&#7841;n cho r&#7857;ng n&#7871;u m&igrave;nh h&agrave;nh x&#7917; kh&aacute;c &#273;i th&igrave; h&#7885; &#273;&atilde; kh&ocirc;ng l&agrave;m ra nh&#7919;ng h&agrave;nh vi nh&#432; v&#7853;y.	V&iacute; d&#7909;: &ldquo;H&#7885; kh&ocirc;ng c&#7889; &yacute;, m&igrave;nh bi&#7871;t h&#7885; y&ecirc;u m&igrave;nh. M&igrave;nh ch&#7881; c&#7847;n kh&ocirc;ng l&agrave;m th&#7871; v&agrave; &#273;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y s&#7869; kh&ocirc;ng x&#7843;y ra n&#7919;a. T&#7845;t c&#7843; l&agrave; l&#7895;i c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh.&rdquo;	&#128205; Ch&#7881; tr&iacute;ch b&#7843;n th&acirc;n v&igrave; ch&#432;a &ldquo;v&#432;&#7907;t qua&rdquo; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng t&acirc;m l&yacute;	Thay v&igrave; th&#7915;a nh&#7853;n t&aacute;c &#273;&#7897;ng s&acirc;u s&#7855;c m&agrave; ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng t&acirc;m l&yacute; b&#7841;n &#273;ang ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&agrave; s&#7921; ki&ecirc;n nh&#7851;n c&#361;ng nh&#432; th&#7901;i gian c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; v&#432;&#7907;t qua qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh ch&#7919;a l&agrave;nh, b&#7841;n t&#7921; nh&#7911; r&#7857;ng b&#7841;n kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; l&yacute; do g&igrave; &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y nh&#432; v&#7853;y b&#7903;i v&igrave; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c &#273;&atilde; l&agrave;m &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&oacute; t&#7891;i t&#7879; h&#417;n r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u. &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y khi&#7871;n b&#7841;n so s&aacute;nh b&#7843;n th&acirc;n, kinh nghi&#7879;m v&agrave; th&#7853;m ch&iacute; th&agrave;nh t&iacute;ch c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c v&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng ng&#7915;ng ch&#7881; tr&iacute;ch c&aacute;ch b&#7841;n ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng v&#7899;i c&aacute;c t&igrave;nh hu&#7889;ng.	V&iacute; d&#7909;: &ldquo;Ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c c&ograve;n g&#7863;p nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u t&#7879; h&#417;n, nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u m&igrave;nh g&#7863;p ph&#7843;i ch&#432;a l&agrave; g&igrave; so v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ta c&#7843; n&ecirc;n m&igrave;nh kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bu&#7891;n.&rdquo;	&#128205; Nghi ng&#7901; gi&aacute; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh	B&#7841;n b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7863;t c&acirc;u h&#7887;i li&#7879;u m&igrave;nh c&oacute; x&#7913;ng &#273;&aacute;ng v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng g&igrave; m&igrave;nh &#273;ang c&oacute; hay kh&ocirc;ng. D&#7847;n d&#7847;n, b&#7841;n kh&ocirc;ng c&ograve;n n&oacute;i v&#7873; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh, ho&#7863;c gi&#7843;m thi&#7875;u t&#7847;m quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a m&#7897;t th&agrave;nh t&#7921;u b&#7841;n &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y c&oacute; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n b&#7841;n do d&#7921; trong vi&#7879;c theo &#273;u&#7893;i m&#7897;t s&#7889; c&#417; h&#7897;i v&igrave; b&#7841;n kh&ocirc;ng tin r&#7857;ng m&igrave;nh &#273;&#7911; t&#7889;t cho ch&uacute;ng, ho&#7863;c r&#7857;ng b&#7841;n x&#7913;ng &#273;&aacute;ng v&#7899;i n&oacute;.	V&iacute; d&#7909;: &ldquo;M&igrave;nh t&#7879; qu&aacute;. M&igrave;nh kh&ocirc;ng x&#7913;ng &#273;&aacute;ng c&oacute; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7841;nh ph&uacute;c.&rdquo;4.L&agrave;m th&#7871; n&agrave;o &#273;&#7875; ng&#259;n ch&#7863;n &ldquo;self-gaslighting&rdquo;?	&#127808; Th&#7915;a nh&#7853;n h&agrave;nh vi self-gaslighting c&#7911;a b&#7841;n v&agrave; &#273;&#7889;i di&#7879;n v&#7899;i ch&uacute;ng	&#7902; b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7847;u ti&ecirc;n, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n nh&#7853;n ra khi n&agrave;o self-gaslighting x&#7843;y ra, v&agrave; ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n r&#7857;ng b&#7841;n &#273;ang xem nh&#7865; nh&#7919;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m v&agrave; c&#7843;m x&uacute;c c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh. H&atilde;y ch&uacute; &yacute; h&#417;n &#273;&#7871;n suy ngh&#297; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n khi b&#7841;n b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u li&ecirc;n t&#7909;c tr&aacute;ch m&oacute;c b&#7843;n th&acirc;n. T&#7921; h&#7887;i b&#7843;n th&acirc;n t&#7841;i sao l&#7841;i thao t&uacute;ng ch&iacute;nh m&igrave;nh l&agrave; b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7875; b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u r&otilde; c&#7889;t l&otilde;i v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; m&igrave;nh &#273;ang ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t, tho&aacute;t ra kh&#7887;i s&#7921; m&#417; h&#7891; c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c thao t&uacute;ng v&agrave; gi&uacute;p b&#7841;n t&igrave;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7889;i ra.	&#127808; N&acirc;ng cao nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c b&#7843;n th&acirc;n	H&atilde;y d&agrave;nh v&agrave;i ph&uacute;t &#273;&#7875; vi&#7871;t ra nh&#7919;ng g&igrave; b&#7841;n tin t&#432;&#7903;ng v&#7873; b&#7843;n th&acirc;n v&agrave; nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&oacute; &#273;&atilde; b&#7843;o v&#7879; b&#7841;n kh&#7887;i t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng trong qu&aacute; kh&#7913; nh&#432; th&#7871; n&agrave;o. Vi&#7879;c n&agrave;y c&oacute; th&#7875; gi&uacute;p b&#7841;n s&#7855;p x&#7871;p c&#7843;m x&uacute;c v&agrave; kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m thay v&igrave; nghi ng&#7901; b&#7843;n th&acirc;n.	&#127808; C&acirc;n nh&#7855;c xem li&#7879;u m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i c&oacute; ngh&#297; v&#7873; b&#7841;n nh&#432; c&aacute;ch b&#7841;n &#273;ang ngh&#297;	H&atilde;y ngh&#297; v&#7873; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7921;c s&#7921; y&ecirc;u th&#432;&#417;ng b&#7841;n v&agrave; h&atilde;y xem x&eacute;t: Li&#7879;u ng&#432;&#7901;i n&agrave;y c&oacute; bao gi&#7901; n&oacute;i r&#7857;ng b&#7841;n &#273;ang ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng th&aacute;i qu&aacute;, r&#7857;ng c&#7843;m x&uacute;c c&#7911;a b&#7841;n kh&ocirc;ng quan tr&#7885;ng, r&#7857;ng b&#7841;n &#273;ang &ldquo;chuy&#7879;n b&eacute; x&eacute; ra to&rdquo; kh&ocirc;ng? B&#7841;n c&#361;ng c&oacute; th&#7875; t&igrave;m &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i m&agrave; b&#7841;n tin t&#432;&#7903;ng v&agrave; h&#7887;i h&#7885; xem h&#7885; c&oacute; ngh&#297; v&#7873; b&#7841;n nh&#432; c&aacute;ch b&#7841;n &#273;ang ngh&#297; hay kh&ocirc;ng.	&#127808; Luy&#7879;n t&#7853;p nh&#7919;ng c&#7909;m t&#7915; kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh t&iacute;ch c&#7921;c v&#7873; b&#7843;n th&acirc;n (self-talk affirmations)&nbsp;	D&ugrave; vi&#7879;c l&#7863;p l&#7841;i c&aacute;c c&#7909;m t&#7915; t&iacute;ch c&#7921;c c&oacute; th&#7875; h&#417;i k&#7923; qu&#7863;c l&uacute;c &#273;&#7847;u, c&ocirc;ng nh&#7853;n b&#7843;n th&acirc;n b&#7857;ng c&aacute;ch kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m v&agrave; c&#7843;m x&uacute;c c&#7911;a b&#7841;n l&agrave; v&ocirc; c&ugrave;ng quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7875; ch&#7889;ng l&#7841;i self-gaslighting. Qua th&#7901;i gian, b&#7841;n c&oacute; th&#7875; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y kh&aacute; h&#417;n v&#7873; b&#7843;n th&acirc;n v&agrave; tr&#7903; n&ecirc;n kh&aacute;ch quan h&#417;n khi nh&igrave;n nh&#7853;n t&igrave;nh hu&#7889;ng.&nbsp;	M&#7897;t s&#7889; c&#7909;m t&#7915; kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh b&#7843;n th&acirc;n c&oacute; th&#7875; k&#7875; &#273;&#7871;n:&ldquo;M&igrave;nh hi&#7875;u gi&#7885;ng &#273;i&#7879;u v&agrave; t&#7915; ng&#7919; m&agrave; h&#7885; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n, v&agrave; m&igrave;nh bi&#7871;t &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&oacute; khi&#7871;n m&igrave;nh c&#7843;m th&#7845;y th&#7871; n&agrave;o. M&igrave;nh kh&ocirc;ng h&#7873; l&agrave;m qu&aacute; m&#7885;i chuy&#7879;n.&rdquo;&ldquo;M&igrave;nh kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7883;u tr&aacute;ch nhi&#7879;m v&#7873; h&agrave;nh vi &#273;&#7897;c h&#7841;i c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c.&rdquo;&ldquo;M&igrave;nh &#273;ang c&#7889; g&#7855;ng v&agrave; &#273;ang l&agrave;m t&#7889;t h&#417;n nh&#7919;ng g&igrave; l&yacute; tr&iacute; n&oacute;i v&#7899;i m&igrave;nh.&rdquo;&ldquo;M&igrave;nh x&#7913;ng &#273;&aacute;ng c&oacute; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7841;nh ph&uacute;c.&rdquo;T&agrave;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o:American Psychological Association. (n.d.).gaslight. APA Dictionary of Psychology. Retrieved 17 December 2021, from https://dictionary.apa.org/gaslight.Beringer-Tobing, B. (2021). Are You Self-Gaslighting? 5 Ways You Might Be Sabotaging Your Greatness, and How to Unlearn It. POPSUGAR. Retrieved 17 December 2021, from https://www.popsugar.com/smart-living/what-is-self-gaslighting-48164332.Otis, R. (2022). What Is 'Self-Gaslighting' and How Do I Unlearn It?. Healthline. Retrieved 2 January 2022, from https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/unlearning-self-gaslighting#What-does-self-gaslighting-look-like?.Clayton, I. (2021). What Is Self-Gaslighting?. Psychology Today. Retrieved 2 January 2022, from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/emotional-sobriety/202109/what-is-self-gaslighting.Otis, R. (2019). 3 Therapist-Approved Steps to Stop the &lsquo;Self-Shame Spiral&rsquo;. Healthline. Retrieved 2 January 2022, from https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/shame-spiral-self-compassion#2.-Come-back-to-the-body.Michael, J. (2021). Are You Gaslighting Yourself?. Forbes. Retrieved 2 January 2022, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbescoachescouncil/2021/06/22/are-you-gaslighting-yourself/?sh=48f48202ec3e.	______________________________________	PsychoHub - D&#7921; &aacute;n T&acirc;m l&yacute; h&#7885;c thu&#7897;c Youth+ Community	Fanpage: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/PsychoHub.Project/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(17, 85, 204);">https://www.facebook.com/PsychoHub.Project/</a>	Email: youth.psychohub@gmail.com

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